Editing is a combination of different things, from transitions to the making of sequences to continuity. It has been a thing that filmmakers have always developed on to make their films better.
When taking shots, they can be combined to make sequences, thus a type of editing. When making sequences, you need to take multiple shots in order to make it. You combine shots to make everything flow smoothly and make it so that the edit is practically invisible; therefore, a normal scene will take place.
In-camera editing is a technique which practically gets rid of normal editing means, since the cinematographer strictly shoots the sequences in order. It practically gets rid of having to editing outside of filming and the result is in the film already being "edited" when it is developed.
Digital film-making versus film. People would usually expect people to go straight for digital, but normal film is still strong with many directors in Hollywood. Sure, it may take a day to see the results of your filming the previous day and there may be things that you don't like, but you can't replace the feel of film. On the other hand, you can retake a shot when using digital means to film, since you can always check a shot after filming it. If the lighting isn't quite right in a shot, you can retake it. If someone screwed up or the shot isn't quite right, you can always retake it. Its a lot faster than waiting a day and more convenient. Though the fact still remains, both are good yet both have limitations, so the argument is still there.
Transitions
A part of editing includes transitions. In other words, the transitions between either shots or sequences/scenes. Cuts are the most commonly used types of transitions; with a lot of different types of cuts. Such as straight cut. This is the most used type of cut, quickly moving through shots by abruptly ending a shot and abruptly starting another shot. There are also fades, both in and out, where the picture gradually turns into a single colour, mainly back, or when a picture gradually appears on the screen. A dissolve is where a scene changes into another scene, but it looks like it is dissolving into the next scene. And a wipe is...well as the name entails; the scene is wiped away and replaced by another scene.
Visual Analysis: Hans Gruber's Death - Die Hard
Visual Analysis: Hans Gruber's Death - Die Hard
Barely a second into the sequence I chose, there is already an example of a straight cut, abruptly cutting from one shot to the next really quickly, from John McClane right to his wife having a gun pressed to her head. It is also a close up shot on Holly McClane's/Gennero's face, showing off the emotion of fear she has and making everything a lot more tense.
The same transition is used 5 seconds in, focusing in on Hans Gruber as he raises the gun and now points it to John McClane
Continuity
In the film industry a system has been developed called the continuity system, which is basically something that helps the flow and keeps a good understanding of the story running. To make a good continuity system, you need:
Establishing shots - These are usually the first shots of a new scene, made so that the audience can see where action is taking place.
Match cuts on action - This refers to the editing technique where the editor cuts from one shot to another that match's the first shot's action.
180 degree rule - This is a basic guideline to the on-screen spatial relationship between characters and objects within a scene.
Motivated editing - This is a form of editing that motivates what you see or hear. So basically, it means when something is not in frame, you see it appear or hear it in the next cut.
Shot-reverse shot - This is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character.
Identification with main protagonist or other characters:
This is vital in the audience are going to be involved. This involves the use of the following:
Screen time - This is the time allotted to or occupied by a particular subject, actor, etc.
Point of View Shot - This is a short film scene that shows what a character is looking at (represented through the camera.
Close-ups - This is a type of shot which tightly frames a person or object. This is one of the standard shots used regularly with medium shots and long shots.
Reaction shots - This is a portrayal of a person's response to an event or to a statement made by another within a film.
Film & Editing Techniques
Shot variation - This is a technique used in filming to create a sequence of images through editing that makes sense.
Cutting to soundtrack - This is where you edit to the soundtrack, where the pace of the cuts are motivated by how fast the song is.
Montage - This is where you select, edit and piece together separate sections of film to form a continuous sequence.
Multiple Points of View - This refers to the different views of the person on screen and there are many different ones to use.
Providing and withholding information - This is where you try to make the narrative more dramatic by giving the audience more information or taking away information.
Cutaways - This is a shot which is the interruption of continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else.
Parallel editing/cross-cutting - This is the technique of alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations.
Jump-cut - This is an abrupt transition from one scene to another.
Editing rhythm - This is when the relations between shots function to control film pace.
In the film industry a system has been developed called the continuity system, which is basically something that helps the flow and keeps a good understanding of the story running. To make a good continuity system, you need:
Establishing shots - These are usually the first shots of a new scene, made so that the audience can see where action is taking place.
Match cuts on action - This refers to the editing technique where the editor cuts from one shot to another that match's the first shot's action.
180 degree rule - This is a basic guideline to the on-screen spatial relationship between characters and objects within a scene.
Motivated editing - This is a form of editing that motivates what you see or hear. So basically, it means when something is not in frame, you see it appear or hear it in the next cut.
Shot-reverse shot - This is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character.
Identification with main protagonist or other characters:
This is vital in the audience are going to be involved. This involves the use of the following:
Screen time - This is the time allotted to or occupied by a particular subject, actor, etc.
Point of View Shot - This is a short film scene that shows what a character is looking at (represented through the camera.
Close-ups - This is a type of shot which tightly frames a person or object. This is one of the standard shots used regularly with medium shots and long shots.
Reaction shots - This is a portrayal of a person's response to an event or to a statement made by another within a film.
Film & Editing Techniques
Shot variation - This is a technique used in filming to create a sequence of images through editing that makes sense.
Cutting to soundtrack - This is where you edit to the soundtrack, where the pace of the cuts are motivated by how fast the song is.
Montage - This is where you select, edit and piece together separate sections of film to form a continuous sequence.
Multiple Points of View - This refers to the different views of the person on screen and there are many different ones to use.
Providing and withholding information - This is where you try to make the narrative more dramatic by giving the audience more information or taking away information.
Cutaways - This is a shot which is the interruption of continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else.
Parallel editing/cross-cutting - This is the technique of alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations.
Jump-cut - This is an abrupt transition from one scene to another.
Editing rhythm - This is when the relations between shots function to control film pace.
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