Ownership and Funding

Ownership Concepts
Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) - This refers to broadcasting that is purely for the public instead of serving commercial interests. An example of such a broadcasting station is the BBC, which is funded by a licence fee instead of selling advertising time. It was the first and is one of the biggest public service broadcasters. These types of broadcasters have to follow certain requirements set by Ofcom as part of their license.

Commercial Broadcasting - This refers to broadcasting that is privately owned by corporate media, opposing state sponsorship. They are funded by things that sponsor them and are paid for by their owners with the fees they collect.

Corporate and Private Ownership - Private ownership is where something is owned by a private individual or organization, instead of by the state or a public body. Corporate ownership is is where the owner is personally liable for their business' debts and loss', as well as profits and such. It is owned by a person or group, but not on a massive scale that we would expect.

Global Companies - This is a company that operates in at least more than one country. This is the most recent definition. The past definition was that a company is based in one country that trades around the globe.

Vertical Integration - This is the combination in one firm of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate firms.

Horizontal Integration/Monopolization - This is the term for an industry that is the best out of their provision, such as say a company has monopolized the TV industry, meaning that they alone are the sole heads of industries, making it near impossible for any other company to try and enter that industry.


Funding Types
The License Fee - This refers to the fee that is required to have television license. Everyone needs to hold one of these in order to watch or record television broadcasts.

Subscription - This is where you pay to receive something, such as the ability to watch films on Netflix or you can freely sign up into YouTube to subscribe to channels and even pay for certain films that are in full, like Cabin in the Woods and the Saw series. You have to keep paying for certain subscriptions, since they will run out eventually in some cases.

One-off payment to own product - This is basically where buy something to own it. For example, when you got to a shop and pick up a DVD; you pay one time and you now own the product.

Pay per View - This is a type of service where a subscriber of a television service provider can purchase certain items to view via private telecast. The broadcaster shows an event at the same time everyone is ordering it.

Sponsorship - This is basically a type of thing to support an event, activity, person or organization financially or through the way of products or services.

Advertising - This is a type of marketing used to promote or sell something, usually a product or service. Advertisements are usually on between programs to do such a thing, but also to help fund commercial broadcasting services.

Product Placement - This is where a product is placed to be seen by the public eye in a broadcast and also films. It is widely seen in American TV shows and such, however in British TV shows, they have to have a sign that there is product placement. However in films, it is clearly seen and often is seen throughout films. For example, in the movie Iron Man, there is a blatant product placement with Tony Stark eating a Burger King as he gets out of his car.

Private Capital - This consists of investors and funds that make investments directly into private companies.

Crowd-funding - This is where a project or venture is funded by raising many small amounts of money from a large number of people, typically through the internet.

Development Funds - These are the funds that are given to put something into development and are what are used to get stuff going in development for a piece of media.